In the first elections to the Philippine Assembly, the Nacionalista Party of Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmena won the election and dominated electoral politics until World War II. However, they were tied to a patron-client relation and more interested in local and personal interests than larger national issues such as social reform, land ownership, tenancy rights, population growth, and wealth distribution. This excluded lower classes and non-elites, which led to resentment and revolts. The poor treatment of non-elites frustrated them. The Jones Act of 1916 elected Philippine Senate, which replaced the Philippine Commission. The Philippine Assembly was renamed the House of Representatives.
The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 created the Commonwealth of the Philippines. At the end of 10 years, it would become the independent Republic of the Philippines. The Constitution was approved 1935. National independence would finally be achieved on July 4, 1946.
All in all, the fight for independence was cruel and bittersweet. During the beginning, there was much warfare that gained futile results. The Philippines achieved final independence during U.S control; it was a slow but absolute process. (5)
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